IMF Staff Country Reports

Kingdom of the Netherlands—The Netherlands: 2025 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for the Kingdom of the Netherlands—The Netherland

July 21, 2025

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Format: Chicago

International Monetary Fund. European Dept. "Kingdom of the Netherlands—The Netherlands: 2025 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for the Kingdom of the Netherlands—The Netherland", IMF Staff Country Reports 2025, 197 (2025), accessed July 21, 2025, https://doi.org/10.5089/9798229017039.002

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Summary

The Dutch economy is among the most developed globally and has drawn strength from deep integration in global value chains. It has weathered shocks well, yet its resilience is being tested, again—this time by a confluence of trade tensions and domestic policy uncertainty. The economy is at capacity, with elevated inflation, and increasingly binding constraints in the labor market, housing, emissions space, and the electricity grid. Futureproofing the economy will require policies that tackle these bottlenecks and align with a vision for sustainable long-term growth.

Subject: Expenditure, Financial institutions, Fiscal policy, Fiscal stance, Housing, Income, Inflation, Labor, Labor markets, Loans, National accounts, Pension spending, Prices, Public debt, Wages

Keywords: Fiscal stance, Housing, Income, Inflation, Labor markets, Loans, Pension spending, Pensions, Securities, Wages

Publication Details

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