CARL BENEDIKT FREY

CARL BENEDIKT FREY is the Dieter Schwarz Associate Professor of AI and Work at Oxford University. This article draws on his most recent book, How Progress Ends: Technology, Innovation, and the Fate of Nations.

F&D Magazine

Carl Benedikt Frey on AI and Growth

CARL BENEDIKT FREY September 4, 2025

As tech innovation, particularly in the field of AI, is increasingly focused on a few key players, the industries benefiting from these tools have also become more concentrated. In this podcast, Carl Benedikt Frey says that concentration of AI-using industries will push the direction of technological change further towards automation rather than product innovation.

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IMF Podcasts are the views of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) staff and external officials on pressing economic and policy issues of the day. The IMF, based in Washington D.C., is an organization of 191 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation and financial stability around the world. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the IMF and its Executive Board.